电动执行器和阀门安装的14大禁忌！可得注意了！
14 major contraindications for electric actuator and valve installation! just be careful!
安装阀门和电动执行器，可不是一件容易的事情，这有14大禁忌，你都知道吗？万一触犯了这些禁忌，会有什么后果？又该如何解决呢？今天就让天蝶阀门小编带您来看一看!
installing valves and electric actuators is not an easy thing to do. there are 14 taboos, you know? what would happen if these taboos were violated? how are we going to solve this problem? today let tandy valve editorial staff take you to have a look!
禁忌1 冬期施工在负温度下进行水压试验。
taboo 1 the water pressure test was carried out under negative temperature in the winter construction.
后果：由于水压试验时管内很快结冰，使管冻坏。
consequences: as the water pressure test, the tube freezes quickly.
措施：尽量在冬施前进行水压试验，并且试压后要将水吹净，特别是阀门内的水必须清除于净，否则阀门将会冻裂。
工程必须在冬季进行水压试验时，要保持室内正温度下进行，试压后要将水吹净。在不能进行水压试验时，可用压缩空气进行试验。
measures: try to do water pressure test before the winter application, and after the test, the water must be cleaned, especially in the valve, otherwise the valve will freeze.
the water pressure test must be carried out in winter under normal indoor temperature, and the water must be blown out after the test. compressed air may be used to test when a water pressure test cannot be carried out.
禁忌2 管道系统竣工前冲洗不认真，流量和速度达不到管道冲洗要求。甚至以水压强度试验泄水代替冲洗。
taboo2 the pipe system is not properly flushed before completion, and the flow and speed can not meet the requirements of pipe flushing. even the water pressure strength test is used instead of flushing.
后果：水质达不到管道系统运行要求，往往还会造成管道截面减少或堵塞。
consequences: the quality of the water does not meet the operational requirements of the pipe system, often resulting in a reduction or blockage of the pipe cross-section.
措施：用系统内大设汁流量或不应小于3m／s的水流速度进行冲洗。应以排出口水色、透明度与入口水的水色、透明度目测一致为合格。
measures: using the maximum juice flow rate in the system or not less than 3m/ s water flow rate for flushing. shall be qualified as water color, transparency and the water color and transparency of the inlet water are in accordance with the visual measurement.
禁忌3 污水、雨水、冷凝水管不做闭水试验便做隐蔽。
taboo3 sewage, rainwater, condensate pipe do not do closed water test to do covert.
后果：可能造成漏水，并造成用户损失。
consequences: may cause leakage and loss to users.
措施：闭水试验工作应严格按规范检查验收。地下埋设、吊顶内、管子间等暗装污水、雨水、冷凝水管等要达到确保不渗不漏。
measures: the closed water test shall be inspected and accepted strictly according to the norms. buried underground, suspended ceiling, pipe room and other hidden sewage, rainwater, condensate pipe, etc. shall be so as to ensure that no leakage.
禁忌4 管道系统水压强度试验和严密性试验时，仅观察压力值和水位变化，对渗漏检查不够。
taboo4 only pressure values and water level changes are observed in the hydraulic strength test and strictness test of pipeline system, and leakage inspection is not enough.
后果：管道系统运行后发生渗漏现象，影响正常使用。
consequence: leakage happens after the pipeline system is in operation, which affects the normal use.
措施：管道系统依据设计要求和施工规范规定进行试验时，除在规定时间内记录压力值或水位变化，特别要仔细检查是否存在渗漏问题。
measures: when testing in the pipeline system in accordance with the design requirements and construction specifications, in addition to recording pressure values or changes in water levels within a specified period of time, in particular to examine carefully the existence of leakage problems.
禁忌5 蝶阀法兰盘用普通阀门法兰盘。
taboo5 butterfly valve flanges are ordinary valve flanges.
后果：蝶阀法兰盘与普通阀门法兰盘尺寸大小不一，有的法兰内径小，而蝶阀的阀瓣大，造成打不开或硬性打开而使阀门损坏。
consequences: the size of the butterfly valve flange is different from the size of the general valve flange. some flanges have small inner diameter, while the disc of the butterfly valve is large, which can not be opened or hard to open and damage the valve.
措施：要按照蝶阀法兰的实际尺寸加工法兰盘。
measures: the flange should be machined according to the actual size of the butterfly valve flange.
禁忌6 建筑结构施工中没有预留孔洞和预埋件，或预留孔洞尺寸偏小和预埋件没做标记。
taboo6 in the construction of building structure, there are no reserved holes and embedded parts, or the reserved holes are small in size and the embedded parts are not marked.
后果：暖卫工程施工中，剔凿建筑结构，甚至切断受力钢筋，影响建筑物安全性能。
consequences: in the construction of the chp, the construction structure can be chiseled or even cut off the stress steel bar, which will affect the safety performance of the building.
措施：认真熟悉暖卫工程施工图纸，根据管道及支吊架安装的需要，主动认真配合建筑结构施工预留孔洞和预埋件，具体参照设计要求和施工规范规定。
measures: be familiar with the construction drawings of hvp, take the initiative to cooperate with the hole and embedded parts in the construction of building structure according to the requirements of pipe and hanger installation, and refer to the requirements of design and construction code for specific requirements.
禁忌7 管道焊接时，对口后管子错口不在一个中心线上，对口不留间隙，厚壁管不铲坡口，焊缝的宽度、高度不符合施工规范要求。
taboo7 the interface is not in a center line, there is no gap between the mouth and the thick wall pipe is not shoveled, the width and height of the weld are not in accordance with the requirements of the construction code.
后果：管子错口不在一中心线直接影响焊接质量及观感质量。对口不留间隙，厚壁管不铲坡口，焊缝的宽度、高度不符合要求时焊接达不到强度的要求。
consequences: the pipe misalignment not in a central line directly affects the quality of welding and the quality of perception. the width and height of the weld are not up to the requirements of the strength when the gap is not kept, the thick-wall pipe is not shoveled, and the width and height of the weld are not up to the requirements.
措施：焊接管道对口后，管子不能错口，要在一个中心线上，对口应留间隙，厚壁管要铲坡口，另外焊缝的宽度、高度应按照规范要求焊接。
measures: when pipe is welded, the pipe after welding pipe to mouth, pipe should not be staggered, to a center line, should leave clearance, thick-wall pipe to shovel slope, and the width and height of weld should be welded according to the specifications.
禁忌8 管道直接埋设在冻土和没有处理的松土上，管道支墩间距和位置不当，甚至采用干码砖形式。
taboo8 the pipe is directly buried on frozen soil and untreated loose soil. the distance and position of the pipe buttress are improper, even in the form of dry-code bricks.
后果：管道由于支承不稳固，在回填土夯实过程中遭受损坏，造成返工修理。
consequence: the pipe is damaged in the course of backfill tamping due to the unstable support, causing rework-ing repair.
措施：管道不得埋设在冻土和没有处理的松土上，支墩间距要符合施工规范要求，支垫要牢靠，特别是管道接口处，不应承受剪切力。砖支墩要用水泥沙浆砌筑，保证完整、牢固。
measures: pipelines shall not be buried on frozen soil and untreated loose soil, the spacing of piers shall meet the requirements of the construction code, the cushion shall be firm, especially at the pipe joint, and shall not be subjected to shear force. brick piers to be built with water and sediment slurry to ensure integrity and firmness.
禁忌9 固定管道支架的膨胀螺栓材质低劣，安装膨胀螺栓的孔径过大或者膨胀螺栓安装在砖墙甚至轻质墙体上。
taboo9 pipe supports are of inferior material, and the diameter of installing expansion bolts is too large or the expansion bolts are installed on brick walls or even light walls.
后果：管道支架松动，管道发生变形，甚至脱落。
consequence: the pipe support is loose, the pipe is deformed and even falls off.
措施：膨胀螺栓必须选择合格的产品，必要时应抽样进行试验检查，安装膨胀螺栓的孔径不应大于膨胀螺栓外径2mm，膨胀螺栓应用于混凝土结构上。the expansion bolts for fixing
measures: the expansion bolt must be selected qualified products, and the sample should be inspected if necessary. the diameter of the expansion bolt should not be more than 2mm, and the expansion bolt should be applied to the concrete structure.
禁忌10 管道连接的法兰盘及衬垫强度不够，连接螺栓短或直径细。热力管道使用橡胶垫，冷水管道使用石棉垫，以及采用双层垫或斜面垫，法兰衬垫突入管内。
taboo10 flanges and gaskets for pipe connections are not strong enough, with short bolts or fine diameters. heating pipes use rubber mats, cold water pipes use asbestos mats, and double or bevel gaskets, flanged gaskets projecting into the tubes.
后果：法兰盘连接处不严密，甚至损坏，出现渗漏现象。法兰衬垫突入管内，会增加水流阻力。
consequences: the flange connection is not tight, even damaged, and leakage occurs. the flange bushing thrusting into the tube will increase the flow resistance.
措施：管道用法兰盘及衬垫必须满足管道设计工作压力的要求。
采暖和热水供应管道的法兰衬垫，宜采用橡胶石棉垫；给排水管道的法兰衬垫，宜采用橡胶垫。
法兰的衬垫不得突入管内，其外圆到法兰螺栓孔为宜。法兰中间不得放置斜面垫或几个衬垫，连接法兰的螺栓直径比法兰盘孔径宜小于2mm，螺栓杆突出螺母长度宜为螺母厚度的1／2。
measures: flanges and gaskets for pipes must meet the requirements of pipe design work-ing pressure.
flange gaskets for heating and hot water supply lines should be rubber asbestos gaskets. the flange gasket of water supply and drainage pipe should be rubber pad.
the gasket of the flange shall not go into the pipe, and its outer circle to the flange bolt hole is advisable. the flange should not be placed in the middle of the beveled gasket or several gaskets, the bolt diameter of the connecting flange should be less than 2mm than that of the flange plate, and the length of the bolt rod salient nut should be 1/2 of the thickness of the nut.
禁忌11 阀门和电动执行器安装方法错误。
taboo11 wrong installation of valve and electric actuator.
例如截止阀或止回阀水(汽)流向与标志相反，阀杆朝下安装，水平安装的止回阀采取垂直安装，明杆闸阀或蝶阀手柄没有开、闭空间，暗装阀门的阀杆不朝向检查门。
for example cut-off or check valve water (vapor) flow direction and mark opposite, stem mounted downwards, horizontal mounting check valves are vertical mounted, open stem gate valves or butterfly handles not open and closed, hidden valve stem not facing inspection doors.
后果：阀门失灵，开关检修困难，阀杆朝下往往造成漏水。
consequences: valve failure, difficult switch repair, stem down often causes leakage.
措施：严格按阀门安装说明书进行安装，明杆闸阀留足阀杆伸长开启高度，蝶阀充分考虑手柄转动空间，各种阀门杆不能低于水平位置，更不能向下。暗装阀门不但要设置满足阀门开闭需要的检查门，同时阀杆应朝向检查门。wrong valve installation method.
measures: strictly follow the valve installation instructions, keep the foot of the stem elongation open height, the butterfly valve takes full account of the handle rotation space, various stem can not be lower than the horizontal position, let alone downward. the hidden valve shall be provided not only with an inspection door that meets the needs of the valve opening and closing, but also with the stem facing the inspection door.
禁忌12 安装阀门的规格、型号不符合设计要求。
taboo12 the specification and model of installation valve do not meet the design requirements.
例如阀门的公称压力小于系统试验压力；给水支管当管径小于或等于50mm时采用闸阀；热水采暖的干、立管采用截止阀；消防水泵吸水管采用蝶阀。
for example, the nominal pressure of the valve is less than the system test pressure; a gate valve is used when the diameter of the water supply branch pipe is less than or equal to 50mm; the hot water heating dry, riser adopts the cut-off valve; the suction pipe of fire pump adopts butterfly valve.
后果：影响阀门正常开闭及调节阻力、压力等功能。甚至造成系统运行中，阀门损坏被迫修理。
consequences: affect the normal opening and closing of the valve and adjust the resistance, pressure and other functions. even cause system operation, valve damage to be forced to repair.
措施：熟悉各类阀门的应用范围，按设计的要求选择阀门的规格和型号。阀门的公称压力要满足系统试验压力的要求。按施工规范要求：给水支管管径小于或等于50mm应采用截止阀；当管径大于50mm应采用闸阀。热水采暖干、立控制阀应采用闸阀，消防水泵吸水管不应采用蝶阀。
measures: familiar with the application range of all kinds of valves, select the specification and model of valves according to the design requirements. the nominal pressure of the valve shall meet the requirements of system test pressure. according to the requirements of the construction code: the water supply branch pipe diameter is less than or equal to 50mm should use the cut-off valve; gate valves should be used when the pipe diameter is more than 50mm. hot water heating dry, vertical control valve should be used gate valve, fire pump suction pipe should not use butterfly valve.
禁忌13 阀门和电动执行器安装前不按规定进行必要的质量检验。
taboo13 valve and electric actuator installation is not required to carry out the necessary quality inspection.
后果：系统运行中阀门开关不灵活，关闭不严及出现漏水(汽)的现象，造成返工修理，甚至影响正常供水(汽)。
措施：阀门安装前，应做耐压强度和严密性试验。试验应以每批(同牌号、同规格、同型号)数量中抽查10％，且不少于一个。
consequences: system operation valve switch is not flexible, close not strict and leakage (steam) phenomenon, resulting in rework repair, and even affect the normal water supply (steam).
对于安装在主干管上起切断作用的闭路阀门，应逐个作强度和严密性试验。阀门强度和严密性试验压力应符合《建筑给排水及采暖工程施工质量验收规范》(gb 50242-2002)规定。
measures : pressure strength and tightness test should be done before valve installation. the test shall be carried out in batches of 10 % and not less than one in each batch ( same brand, same specification, same type ).
for the closed circuit valve installed on the main pipe, the strength and tightness test shall be done one by one. valve strength and tightness test pressure should be in line with the building water supply and drainage and heating engineering construction quality acceptance specification ( gb ) 50242-2002).
禁忌14 施工使用的主要材料、设备及制品，缺少符合国家或部颁现行标准的技术质量鉴定文件或产品合格证。
taboo14 the main materials, equipment and products used in the construction are lack of technical quality appraisal documents or product qualification certificates that meet the current standards issued by the state or ministry.
后果：工程质量不合格，存在事故隐患，不能按期交付使用，必须返工修理；造成工期拖延，人工和物资投入增加。
consequences: the project quality is unqualified, there is hidden danger of accident, can not be delivered and used on schedule, must rework repair; as a result, the construction period is delayed and the input of labor and materials is increased.
措施：给排水及暖卫工程所使用的主要材料、设备及制品，应有符合国家或部颁发现行标准的技术质量鉴定文件或产品合格证；应标明其产品名称、型号、规格、国家质量标准代号、出厂日期、生产厂家名称及地点、出厂产品检验证明或代号。
measures: the main materials, equipment and products used in water supply, drainage and heating projects shall be provided with technical quality appraisal documents or product conformity certificates in accordance with the current standards issued by the state or the ministry; the product name, model, specification, national quality standard code, date of departure, name and location of the manufacturer, inspection certificate or code of the factory shall be indicated.